12/8/1998 7/14/2000 0001 1993 Trends in Health Care, Law and Ethics, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Fall, 1993). A special issue containing six articles on ethics consultation: The Legitimation of Ethics Consultation, by Russell L. McIntyre; A Pro-Active Role for the Ethics Committee or Ethics Consultant, by George A. Kanoti; Here Come the Ethicists! by Giles R. Scofield; A Nurse-Ethicist Model of Ethics Consultation, by Patricia A. Murphy; and Can Ethics Consultation be Gender Neutral? by Sandra J. Taylor. ETHICS CONSULTATION, GENDER 10/5/1995 7/25/2000 0002 Weisburd, Dan E., and Vera Hassner, ed. 1994 Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 5(1):1-70. Special issue looking at ethical issues involved in doing research using mentally ill subjects. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, FRAUD, HUMAN SUBJECTS, RESEARCH WITH PSYCHOLOGICALLY IMPAIRED, RESEARCH ETHICS 6/11/1996 5/15/2001 0003 Blackhall, Leslie J. et al. 1995 Journal of the American Medical Association, 274:820-825. The authors surveyed 200 elderly subjects who identified themselves as being European American, African American, Korean American or Mexican American. Ethnicity was the strongest predictor of attitudes toward truthtelling and patient decision making. Korean American and Mexican American subjects were less likely to believe that a patient should be told of a terminal prognosis and that a patient should make decisions about the use of life-supporting technology. Instead, they tended to believe that the family should make such decisions. Implications for physician-patient communication are discussed. There are several response letters to this article in JAMA 275(2):107-110. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, TRUTHTELLING, MINORITY POPULATIONS 5/18/1995 7/19/2000 0004 Knight, J. A. 1984 Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 27:432-441. Suggests that pressures to obtain grants, meet high social expectations and achieve success may tempt scientists to commit research fraud. FRAUD, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/18/1995 5/14/2001 0005 Broad, W. J. 1981 Science. 212:37-41. Lack of replication and a professional immunity from scrutiny prevent protection against scientific fraud. However, it may be that fraud is not increasing, but rather that it is being reported with greater frequency because of increased self-policing in today's competitive environment. FRAUD, PEER REVIEW, SCIENCE RESEARCH, RESEARCH ETHICS POLICIES, WHISTLEBLOWING 9/1/1993 5/14/2001 0006 Gustafson, James. 1973 In Ethical Issues in Human Genetics, edited by Bruce Hilton, et al., pp. 101-112. New York: Plenum Press. A philosophical treatment of the ethical issues involved in genetic counseling relating to genetically-impaired fetuses. Poses the central issue as whether the individual or the community should have primacy in ethical considerations. Discusses the tension between individual rights-based approaches and consequentialist ones, and proposes the need for agreement on minimal objectives about the evils to be avoided in genetic screening. GENETIC COUNSELING, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, COMMUNITY INTERESTS, GENETIC SCREENING, COMMUNITY INTERESTS 9/1/1993 5/29/2001 0007 NOVA. 1985 Northbrook, IL: Coronet Film and Video. Explores the technical and ethical problems of applying breakthroughs in genetic engineering to the curing of inherited human disease. Examines research aimed at altering an individual's genetic code through insertion of gene sequences for missing enzymes into somatic cells. Illustrates the serious moral and ethical concerns raised by human genetics experimentation. GENETIC RESEARCH, VIDEO, HUMAN SUBJECTS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, HUMAN GENE THERAPY 9/1/1993 5/14/2001 0008 Lewis, Ricki. 1987 Issues in Science and Technology, 4(1):76-82. Excellent discussion of some ethical issues surrounding genetic marker testing, including confidentiality, privacy, public welfare, and the rights of minors and employers. GENETIC TESTING, CONFIDENTIALITY, CHILDREN, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, CONFIDENTIALITY, HUMAN SUBJECTS 9/1/1993 5/14/2001 0009 Kolata, Gina. 1986 Science, 232: 17-319. Discusses the range of issues raised by genetic screening, including testing young children, the privacy interests of employees, and the economic interests of employers and insurers to have genetic information. Provides background on the development of genetic screening technology in the workplace. GENETIC SCREENING, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, CHILDREN, HUMAN SUBJECTS 9/1/1993 5/14/2001 0010 Baum, Rudy. 1986 Chemical and Engineering News, 67:10-16. Excellent overview of genetic screening, how RFLP analysis works, and the relevant ethical issues, particularly mandatory screening in employment and prenatal context. GENETIC SCREENING, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, LAW, HUMAN SUBJECTS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0011 Murray, Thomas. 1985 Technology Review, 88(4):51-59. Provides an in-depth discussion of the moral issues raised in genetic testing at work. Distinguishes between genetic screening and monitoring, summarizes significant screening programs that have been instituted for PKU and sickle-cell anemia, the purposes of genetic screening and monitoring in the workplace, and the legal implications of screening programs. GENETIC TESTING, GENETIC SCREENING, LAW, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, LAW 9/1/1993 7/19/2000 0012 Hayes, Catherine V. 1992 New England Journal of Medicine, 327(20):1449-1451. GENETIC TESTING, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 5/21/1996 5/15/2001 0013 Macrina, Francis L., and Cindy L. Munro. 1993 Academic Medicine, 68:879-884. ETHICS INSTRUCTION, RESEARCH ETHICS, TEACHING, TEACHING ETHICS 5/17/1995 7/14/2000 0014 1990 Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 263. A special issue of JAMA. PEER REVIEW 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0015 Mitchell, Graham. 1990 Current Contents, 22:6-13. Argues that use of ethics committees is the best means to mediate between the conflicting interests of researchers desiring to use animals in research and anti-vivisectionists. ANIMALS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0016 Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy (COSEPUP). 1992 In Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process., Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Discusses the growing interaction and continuing unresolved issues between universities, the government, and the courts since the 1980's in policy implementation and investigation concerning scientific misconduct and fraud. Proposes a single independent review organization for handling misconduct and fraud. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, FRAUD, POLICY, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, LAW 5/18/1995 5/15/2001 0017 Broad, W. J. Science, 215:478-482. A critical account of the way in which Harvard University handled the fraud case of Dr. John Darsee. FRAUD 10/4/1995 5/15/2001 0018 McCormick, Richard A. 1993 Bloomington: Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions. Monograph explores the cultural assumptions, or value variables, that influence bioethical thought and health care planning in general, including: the denial of mortality, the eugenic mentality, rescue medicine, the absolutization of autonomy and dignity as independence. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, ETHICS AND TECHNOLOGY, EUGENICS, GENETIC RESEARCH, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0019 Burman, Kenneth. 1982 Annals of Internal Medicine, 97:602-605. Criticizes the general practice of multiple authorship of research articles, which does not accurately represent actual involvement in the underlying research or writing. AUTHORSHIP, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/17/1995 5/15/2001 0020 La Puma, John 1994 Hospital and Health Services Administration, 392:193-203. Suggests a model policy and guidelines for the ethical conduct of post-marketing research on new drugs by practicing physicians. HUMAN SUBJECTS, RESEARCH ETHICS POLICES, INFORMED CONSENT, COMPENSATION, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 4/7/1997 5/15/2001 0021 Coppola, Brian P., and David H. Smith. 1996 Journal of Chemical Education, 73(1):33-34. The first author is a practicing chemist; the second an ethicist. Argues for an explicit ethical perspective in science education and offers three instructional objectives: the development of character, the development of cognitive skills, and the development of disciplinary skills. ETHICS INSTRUCTION, CHEMISTRY, TEACHING, TEACHING ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/24/2000 0022 Sprague, Robert. 1989 Perspectives on the Professions 8:4-5. A brief account of the author's experiences in blowing the whistle on the research misconduct of then-colleague Stephen Breuning. WHISTLEBLOWING, SCIENCE RESEARCH, CASE STUDIES, RESEARCH MISCONDUCT 5/17/1995 5/15/2001 0023 Wright, N. D. 1991 Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park. This dissertation looked at whether published retractions of articles (1963-1987) either because of error or scientific misconduct decreased citations to them. The author found a significant difference between the number of pre- and post-retraction citations, but 90% of remaining citations were positive. PUBLISHING 5/18/1995 5/15/2001 0024 Friedman, P. J. 1989 Academic Medicine, 64:502-504. Several suggestions are made to improve the climate within which scientific research takes place, including formal institutional oversight and active faculty involvement in setting standards. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 5/18/1995 5/15/2001 0025 Petersdorf, R. G. 1984 Academic Medicine, 64:199-123. Medical fraud and misconduct are suggested to be the result of hypercompetitive premedical and medical school environments. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, FRAUD, MISCONDUCT 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0026 The Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group. 1993 Cell, 72:971-983. GENETIC RESEARCH 5/18/1995 7/19/2000 0027 Kalichman, M. W., and P. J. Friedman. 1992 Academic Medicine, 67:769-765 (?). Presents survey results in which biomedical trainees were asked about their perceptions of unethical research practices and their exposure to research ethics instruction. RESEARCH ETHICS, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0028 Rest, James R. 1982 Hastings Center Report, pp. 29-36. Proposes that psychological researchers and ethics instructors collaborate, so as to locate ethics instruction in a moral development framework and to refine evaluation of student processes and progress in ethical decision-making. ETHICS INSTRUCTION, PSYCHOLOGY, TEACHING 5/21/1996 4/4/2003 0029 Center for Applied Ethics. 1995 Durham, NC: Center for Applied Ethics, School of Engineering, Duke University. VIDEO, MISCONDUCT, PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, CASE STUDIES 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0030 Smith, Steven, and Deborah Richardson. 1983 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(5):1075-1082. Reports on the effects of deception and harm on research participants in psychology experiments, based on the perceptions of 464 undergraduate students enrolled in psychology courses. Approximately 20 percent of the subjects reported harm, but there was no correlation between deception and perception of harm. The authors also consider the role of debriefing in eliminating negative effects for those participants who perceived they had been harmed, and concludes participation as research subjects may be beneficial. HUMAN SUBJECTS, DECEPTION, PSYCHOLOGY, THERAPEUTIC OBLIGATIONS, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0031 Wertz, Dorothy, and John Fletcher, eds. 1989 Public Health Reports, 35(10):104. Discusses genetic researchers' attitudes about patients' rights to information and to confidentiality about the results of screening tests for genetic diseases. GENETIC SCREENING, CONFIDENTIALITY, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, HUMAN SUBJECTS 10/1/1996 5/15/2001 0032 Morrison, Adrian R. 1996 Iowa State University Veterinarian, 58(1):10-17. Provides a brief overview of Peter Singer's utilitarian and Tom Regan's rights-based objections to animal research and challenges their understanding of the status of animals. ANIMALS, ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0033 Donnelly, Strachan, and Kathleen Nolan, eds. 1990 Special Supplement, Hastings Center Report, Vol. 20, No. 3 (May/June). An informative, in-depth discussion of the ethical implications of the use of animals in research. Contents include an introductory overview; summary of applicable ethical theories and their usefulness applied to animals; consideration of rationales used to justify using animals in science and how to best determine animal suffering; overview of animal care and use committees and review procedures; and discussion of policy issues relating to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. ANIMALS, POLICY, RESEARCH ETHICS, IRB (INTERNAL REVIEW BOARD), SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/18/2000 0034 Gallup, Gordon, and Jason Beckstead. 1988 American Psychologist, 43(6):474-476. Summarizes results of survey on animal research conducted with 263 undergraduate students on animal research. Survey revealed that 76% expressed concern about pain and suffering in animals, yet 81% preferred to see animals used in research rather than humans die or suffer from disease, 66.9% agreed that drugs and surgical procedures should be tested on animals before being administered to humans, and 62% believed some animal research is necessary. ANIMALS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0035 Bok, Derek. 1982 Change, 14:16-25. An excellent discussion of the issues faced by a university attempting to negotiate technology transfer and control the growth and direction of its relationship with industry. ACADEMIC ETHICS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST 9/1/1993 7/21/2000 0036 Milgram, Stanley. 1963 Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 6(4): 371-378. Milgram reports study results. HUMAN SUBJECTS, BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0037 LaFollette, Marcel C. 1988-89. Book Research Quarterly, 4: 65-73. Analyzes the growing problem of scientific misconduct from a historical perspective, tracing changes in the nature of the scientific community from World War II, and the growing involvement of the government in research, including regulation. PUBLISHING, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, PLAGIARISM, MISCONDUCT 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0038 Handyside, A.H., et al. 1992 New England Journal of Medicine, 327:905-909. GENETIC TESTING, GYNECOLOGY 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0039 Paul, Diane. 1986 Scientific American, 254:27-31. Book Review of Daniel Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity. Generally positive review of Kevles' historical treatment of eugenics, particularly his consideration of how that history can inform current policymakers about the social benefits and pitfalls of individual reproductive decisions. The review discusses the difficulty of defining eugenics and criticizes both the appropriateness of Kevles' sharp distinction between old and newer eugenics movements and his portrayal of the historical figures involved as good guys and bad guys. EUGENICS, HISTORY, POLICY 5/21/1996 5/15/2001 0040 Bok, Derek C. 1996 Change, Oct.:26-30. ETHICS INSTRUCTION, TEACHING ETHICS, TEACHING 5/18/1995 5/15/2001 0041 McAskie, M. 1978 American Psychologist, 72:496-497. Replies to Jensen (1978, Sir Cyril Burt in Perspective, American Psychologist, 78 (449-503), disputing that Burt's actions reflected mere carelessness. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, FRAUD, CASE STUDIES, SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, SOCIAL RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/19/2000 0042 Hanson, Shirley. 1988 Nursing Research. 37:49-52. Synthesizes a number of studies on collaborative research and multiple authorship to derive a number of practical principles for how to proceed with such research. AUTHORSHIP 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0043 Herzog, Harold. 1991 American Psychologist, 45(3):246-248. Argues that even seemingly benign relations with animals, namely, keeping carnivorous animals as pets, raises some of the same questions as the use of animals in scientific research. ANIMALS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0044 Ulrich, Roger. 1991 Psychological Science, 2(3):197-201. Argues for balance in the use and treatment of animals, contending that both the anti-vivisectionists and the researchers who conduct experimentation with animals are guilty of excesses. ANIMALS, RESEACH ETHICS, PSYCHOLOGY 11/6/1995 5/15/2001 0045 Fischbach, Ruth, and Lynn Peterson. The Program in the Practice of Scientific Investigation, Division of Medical Ethics, Harvard Medical School. Includes teaching notes. Contact Ruth Fischbach, Co-Director (with Lynn Peterson), The Program in the Practice of Scientific Investigation, Division of Medical Ethics, Harvard Medical School, 643 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115. CASE STUDIES, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, RESEARCH ETHICS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 11/6/1995 5/15/2001 0046 Council of Biology Editors, Editorial Policy Committee. John C. Bailar III, Chair. 1990 in Ethics and Policy in Scientific Publication, p. 32. Bethesda: Council of Biology Editors, Inc. p. 32. CASE STUDIES, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, BIOLOGY 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0047 NOVA. 1989 Northbrook, IL: Coronet Film and Video. Examines the implications of a new laboratory test that can detect the presence of Huntington Disease, a hereditary disorder characterized by nervous deterioration and certain death. Focuses on four individuals, including well-known musician Arlo Guthrie, who are all faced with a decision: to test or not to test. GENETIC TESTING, VIDEO, CASE STUDIES 5/18/1995 5/15/2001 0048 Friedman, P. J. 1990 The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 263, No. 10(Mar. 9):1416-1419. FRAUD, PUBLISHING 10/19/1995 5/15/2001 0049 Charon, Rita, and Renee C. Fox. 1995 Journal of the American Medical Association, 274(9):767, 771. Medical students' essays highlight pitfalls in their professional socialization and their desire for ongoing mentoring relationships with mature physician-teachers who could model ethical medical practice. ETHICS INSTRUCTION, MENTORING, BIOEMEDICAL ETHICS, TEACHING ETHICS, TEACHING 5/18/1995 7/17/2000 0050 Brown, A. S., and D. R. Murphy. 1989 Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15:432-442. Explains the phenomenon of cryptomnesia, which is being used as a defense in scientific plagiarism cases. Cryptomnesia is the presence of a memory in one's consciousness that is not recognized as such, but is experienced as a new phenomenon. PLAGIARISM 5/18/1995 5/15/2001 0051 Freedland, K. E., and R. M. Carney. 1992 American Psychologist, 47:640-645. Errors in obtaining and storing data in computer systems may occur because of honest mistakes or carelessness. The authors support mandated guidelines for record keeping and data storage and instruction in data management skills. DATA MANAGEMENT, RESEARCH ETHICS, BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/25/2000 0052 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health; Office of Health Planning and Evaluation; and Office of Scientific Integrity Review. 1990 Provides useful discussion on issues of data ownership, sharing, and retention. RESEARCH DATA, DATA MANAGEMENT, RESEARCH ETHICS, SECRECY, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 5/21/1996 5/15/2001 0053 Marshall, Eliot. 1990 Science, 248:952-957. DATA MANAGEMENT, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, FREEDOM OF INQUIRY, RESEARCH ETHICS, RESEARCH DATA 9/1/1993 7/13/2000 0054 Woolf, Patricia. 1988 Jurimetrics Journal, 29(Fall):67-95. Provides an interesting discussion of misconduct in research, including a summary of a number of fairly recent cases, how they were dealt with, and how the wrongdoers were disciplined. RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, CASE STUDIES, DECEPTION 9/1/1993 4/4/2003 0055 NOVA. 1989 Northbrook, IL: Coronet Film and Video. Portrays the history of the Human Genome Project, placed in the context of the eugenics movement, development of genetic screening, treatment of genetic disease, and the choices that will need to be made regarding the use of molecular genetic techniques in human breeding. GENETIC RESEARCH, VIDEO, EUGENEICS, GENETIC SCREENING 5/18/1995 7/17/2000 0056 Ben-Yehuda, N. 1986 The British Journal of Criminology, 26:1-27. Uses case examples to explain how several characteristics of the scientific community--including lack of replication and suppression of investigations--may lead to misconduct. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, FRAUD, CASE STUDIES, SECRECY, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/18/1995 5/15/2001 0057 Bechtel, H. K., and W. Pearson. 1985 Deviant Behavior, 6:237-252. Looks at scientific fraud from three sociological perspectives of deviance, presenting it as an elite occupational deviance legitimized by the increasingly business-like approach to science. FRAUD, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT 6/9/1997 2/15/2001 0058 Anderson, Melissa S., et al. 1994 Journal of Higher Education, 65(3):331-350. Part of the Acadia Institute's Project on Professional Values and Ethical Issues in the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers. Examines the effects of departmental and disciplinary contexts (specifically departmental structure, departmental climate, and discipline) on graduate students' exposure to three forms of misconduct: research, employment, and personal. MISCONDUCT, RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, ENGINEERING, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0059 Herzog, Harold. 1990 Teaching of Psychology, 17:90-94. Reviews utilitarian and rights arguments for animal liberation, presents a classroom exercise involving four cases which students decide as members of an Animal Care and Use Committee, and reports that students' participating in the exercise raised their awareness of the issue and its complexity. ANIMALS, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, CASE STUDIES, ETHICAL THEORY, TEACHING ETHICS, PSYCHOLOGY 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0060 NOVA. 1988 Northbrook, IL: Coronet Film and Video. Examines why scientific fraud is so hard to detect and details the numerous factors that influence fraud, including an increasing competition for grant money and tenured positions. Discusses why scientists may be less than honest, analyzes how our scientific system deals with quality control, and considers the adequacy of the scientific community's response when a researcher is involved in fraud. FRAUD, VIDEO, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, TRUTHTELLING, PROFESSIONAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0061 Dewsbury, Donald. 1990 American Psychologist, Mar. 1990:315-327. Demonstrates that the contemporary conflict between animal psychologists is not new but dates back to the Victorian antivivisectionist movement, and discusses the effects of the early controversy. ANIMALS, PSYCHOLOGY, HISTORY, POLICY 9/1/1993 7/17/2000 0062 Clingerman, Karen. 1988 Quick Bibliography Series. Beltsville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Contains short annotations of 270 works. ANIMALS, ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0063 Sieber, Joan E., and Barbara Stanley. 1988 American Psychologist, 43(4):49-55. Proposes a taxonomy of ethical analysis for considering the ethical dimensions of socially sensitive research, both in the formulation of the research question, as well as in the conduct of the research and treatment of subjects. The taxonomy covers considerations of privacy, confidentiality, sound and valid methodology, deception, informed consent, justice and equitable treatment, scientific freedom, ownership of data, the values of epistemology of social scientists, and risk/benefit ratio. SOCIAL RESEARCH ETHICS, SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, CONFIDENTIALITY, HUMAN SUBJECTS, DECEPTION, INFORMED CONSENT, DATA MANAGEMENT, FREEDOM OF INQUIRY, RESEARCH DATA 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0064 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. Unpublished. Five scenarios presented in script form, with minimal narrative background, address problems of collaboration and authorship, plagiarism, and falsification of data. These are possibly more effective if play-acted rather than simply read individually. Contact: Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142 CASE STUDIES, PLAGIARISM, DECEPTION, RESEARCH ETHICS, AUTHORSHIP, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, RESEARCH DATA, FRAUD 8/1/1994 5/15/2001 0065 1994 Journal of the American Chemical Society, 116(13):8A-10A. Includes guidelines on the ethical obligations of editors of scientific journals, of authors, of reviewers, and of scientists publishing outside of scientific literature. AUTHORSHIP, PUBLISHING, CHEMISTRY, PEER REVIEW, POLICY 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0066 Mertzman, Robert, and Peter Madsen. 1992 Center for the Advancement of Applied Ethics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. A text chapter and distance education video address the role of science in contemporary society, and types and incidences of scientific misconduct and whistleblowing. The text includes an historical overview of the issues by Philosopher of Science, Steven Turner. The video features Dr. Robert L. Sprague, Professor of Psychology and Medicine. WHISTLEBLOWING, VIDEO, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY, HISTORY, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0067 Goldman, Alan. 1987 Science, Technology, and Human Values, 12:22-30. A sophisticated analysis of the value issues surrounding patents in the academic context. Provides a sound analysis of the arguments for and against patent ownership by faculty researchers. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, RESEARCH ETHICS, FREEDOM OF INQUIRY 9/1/1993 7/18/2000 0068 Garfield, Sol. 1987 Counseling and Values, 31(2):115-125. Discusses differences in attitude about treatment of human subjects in research vs. therapy, the ethical problems with nontreatment control groups, and proposed solutions to these problems. HUMAN SUBJECTS, RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/17/1995 5/15/2001 0069 Graedon, Joe D., moderator and Harvey C. Krasny, director. 1992 The Research Triangle Park Club of Sigma Xi, P.O. Box 13416, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, 800/768-4336 or 803/269-7744. Panel discussion of hypothetical cases on authorship, peer review, data management, social responsibility, fraud and research communication. VIDEO, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, AUTHORSHIP, DATA MANAGEMENT, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY, PEER REVIEW, FRAUD, CASE STUDIES, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0070 Campbell, Donald. 1987 In Ethical Dilemmas for Academic Professionals, edited by S.L. Payne and B.H. Charnov, pp. 69-85. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher. A general overview of a number of issues involved in publishing research, including plagiarism, multiple authorship, public review process, faculty obligations to students, and distortion of findings. PUBLISHING, PLAGIARISM, AUTHORSHIP, PEER REVIEW, DECEPTION, RESEARCH ETHICS, ACADEMIC ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0071 Swazey, Judith P. et al. 1993 American Scientist, 81:543-553. Part of the Acadia Institute's Project on Professional Values and Ethical Issues in the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers. Surveys doctoral candidates and faculty in 100 departments of chemistry, civil engineering, microbiology, and sociology and finds substantial exposure to three areas of ethical problems: misconduct (including fabrication, falsification and plagiarism); questionable research practices (including poor research records and honorary authorship); and other misconduct, such as sexual harassment and violation of governmental regulations. Analyzes the variations across discipline, and indicates need to rethink bad apple theory of misconduct. RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, ACADEMIC ETHICS, CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, DATA MANAGEMENT, SCIENCE RESEARCH, DECEPTION, RESEARCH ETHICS, FRAUD, PALGIARISM, AUTHORSHIP, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, ENGINEERGING 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0072 Friedman, Paul J. Unpublished. Two sets of brief case studies (17 in all), dealing with issues of authorship, intellectual property, plagiarism, and fabrication of data, are presented as examples of the controversies with which university administrators will need to be prepared to deal. Contact: School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, 92037. CASE STUDIES, AUTHORSHIP, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, PALGIARISM, DECEPTION, RESEARCH ETHICS, ACADEMIC ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0073 Zak, Steven. 1989 The Atlantic Monthly, 263(3):68-74. Discusses the so-called radical views of contemporary animal rights groups relative to the past, considers differences between virtue and rights approaches to the ethical treatment of animals, showing how the former inadequately protects animals, and concludes that legal recognition of animals' rights is necessary to their adequate protection. ANIMALS, ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/17/2000 0074 Feeney, Dennis. 1987 American Psychologist, 47(6): 593-597. A defense of animal experimentation written by a researcher crippled by incurable paraplegia. Critiques the antivivisectionist movement for neglecting the suffering of humans caused by failure to experiment on animals. ANIMALS 5/18/1995 7/17/2000 0075 Chalk, Rosemary. 1993 Journal of the American Medical Association, 27(4):565. CHILDREN, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/21/2000 0076 Loeb, Jerod. 1989 Journal of American Medicine, 262(19). Condensed version of the American Medical Association's detailed analysis of the controversy over the use of animals in research, including reports on the destructive and violent actions of animal rights activist movements and discussion of the consequences for research if the activists prevail. ANIMALS 5/18/1995 7/25/2000 0077 Wong, P. T. 1981 American Psychologist, 690:692. Author suggests that editorial practices may encourage fraud. PUBLISHING, PSYCHOLOGY, FRAUD 5/18/1995 5/15/2001 0078 Chalk, Rosemary. 1993 Technology Review 96(Feb.-Mar.):69. A review of the book by Robert Bell by the same title. FRAUD, RESEARCH ETHICS POLICIES, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, POLITICS 5/21/1996 7/18/2000 0079 Friedman, Paul J. 1993 Academic Medicine, , 68, Supplement 3. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0080 Branscomb, Lewis. 1985 American Scientist, 73:421-423. A personal perspective on the costs that researchers' lack of integrity and honesty -- often in the form of honest mistakes with data -- has on the scientific community as a whole. Calls for commitment to quality and integrity among young scientists, career gatekeepers (e.g. tenure committees), and journal editors and working scientists. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, TRUTHTELLING, PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, RESEARCH ETHICS 6/20/1997 5/15/2001 0081 Krulwich, Terry Ann, and Paul J. Friedman. 1993 Academic Medicine, 68(9). ETHICS INSTRUCTION, TEACHING 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0082 Zatz, Joel. 1989 American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 53:346-350. Excellent general background to the issues surrounding patents in the academic context, including faculty research support, publication, students, record-keeping, and confidentiality. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, CONFIDENTIALITY, RESEARCH ETHICS, ACADEMIC ETHICS, PUBLISHING 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0083 Shaw, Margery. 1987 American Journal of Medical Genetics, 26: 243-246. This brief article succinctly discusses the ethical problems surrounding patients's rights to obtain and to refuse knowledge after presymptomatic testing for Huntington Disease, part of a necessary program to eliminate the Huntington gene from the human species. GENETIC TESTING, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, GENETIC SCREENING 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0084 Capron, Alexander. 1982 in Ethical Issues in Social Science Research, edited by Tom Beauchamp, Ruth Faden, R. Jay Wallace, and LeRoy Walters, pp. 215-231. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Argues that informed consent may not be necessary in social science research when there are other means to fulfill its underlying purposes, including the promotion of autonomy and the protection of privacy. HUMAN SUBJECTS, SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, INFORMED CONSENT, CONFIDENTIALITY, SOCIAL RESEARCH ETHICS 8/11/1994 2/15/2001 0085 Altman, Douglas G., et al. 1994 JAMA, Vol. 272, No. 2 (July 13):166-167. Briefly presents three cases of authors who believe they have been dealt with unfairly by editors and suggests that the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors turn its attention to editorial misconduct and explore possible procedures for allowing authors' grievances to be heard and for possible sanctions if complaints are upheld. PEER REVIEW, CASE STUDIES, PUBLISHING, AUTHORSHIP, MISCONDUCT 7/8/1997 5/15/2001 0086 Beck, Alan M. 1994 Dogs Annual, pp. 144-147. For too long, science has dismissed the possibility that animals think. It's time to ask not 'if, ' but 'how.' ANIMALS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0087 Milgram, Stanley. 1964 American Psychologist, 19:848-852. Milgram responds to criticism of his studies. HUMAN SUBJECTS, BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0088 Robertson, John A. 1992 in The Genome, Ethics and the Law: Issues in Genetic Testing, pp. 79-110. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science. GENETIC TESTING, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, LAW 5/18/1995 7/24/2000 0089 Relman, A. S. 1983 The New England Journal of Medicine, 208:1415-1417. The author suggests that the Darsee case indicates that science is not self-correcting. Recommendations to prevent fraud are presented. FRAUD, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, RESEARCH ETHICS POLICIES 5/17/1995 7/19/2000 0090 Jones, Anne Hudson. 1994 Journal of Clinical Ethics, 5:4:340-341. Short commentary that provides background information on the critique of principle-based medical ethics and the recent use of narrative and dramatic literature to complement analytic medical ethics. Comments on article by Anne Hunsaker Hawkins on pp. 283-290 of same issue. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 5/17/1995 7/19/2000 0091 Hawkins, Anne Hunsaker. 1994 Journal of Clinical Ethics, 5(4)283-290. The author argues that the insights that lyric poetry provides and the faculties it engages provide a needed complement to the philosophy-based ethics that dominates today's medical ethical discourse. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, ETHICS INSTRUCTION 5/17/1995 5/15/2001 0092 Kuczewski, Mark, et al. 1994 Journal of Clinical Ethics, 5(4):310-315. The authors recommend real-life cases for teaching ethical problem solving. They explore the specific educational needs of two groups--medical students and health-care professionals--and offer guidelines for making oral and written case presentations. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, CASE STUDIES, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, TEACHING ETHICS 10/6/1995 5/15/2001 0093 Olmstead, Marjorie A. 1993 in CSWP, a newsletter of the Committee on the Status of Women in Physics of The American Physical Society, Vol. 14, No., 1, pp. 1, 8-11. Paper originally prepared for an invited talk at a 1993 conference of physics chairs; presents suggestions for increasing the chances of success for new faculty members. MENTORING 5/21/1996 5/15/2001 0094 Waxman, Merle. 1992 Journal of College Science Teaching, 22:124-127. MENTORING, TEACHING 5/21/1996 5/15/2001 0095 Djerassi, Carl. 1991 Chemical and Engineering News, 69 (Nov. 25):30-33. MENTORING, CHEMISTRY, ENGINEERING 5/18/1995 7/25/2000 0096 Van de Kamp, J., and M. M. Cummings. 1987 National Library of Medicine Literature Search 87-14. Order by sending a stamped, self-addressed envelope to: Literature Search Program, Referee Section, National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894. Citiations about deception and misconduct. FRAUD, MISCONDUCT, DECEPTION 5/21/1996 5/15/2001 0097 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 1991 Federal Register, 56(May 14):22287-22290. GOVERNMENT REGULATION, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, ENGINEERING, MISCONDUCT 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0098 Roberts, Leslie. 1991 Science, 253:1344-47. Reports investigations into allegations of scientific fraud by two biology postdocs at Caltech. The article and subsequent letters from key players raise the important issues of due process and the need for external investigating committees, as well as the potential need for a course addressing scientific misconduct for new graduate students, and the responsibility of the laboratory chief in establishing ethical lab conditions. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, FRAUD, BIOLOGY, CASE STUDIES, RESEARCH ETHICS, TEACHING ETHICS, MISCONDUCT, ETHICS INSTRUCTION 5/18/1995 7/18/2000 0099 Friedman, P. J. 1992 Law, Medicine, and Health Care, 20:17-25. In cases of research misconduct, a balance must be struck between the acceptance of common, petty deception and protecting scientists from guardians of purity, while protecting the public from research fraud. Presents a spectrum of scientific misrepresentation with petty deception at one end and fraud on the other. RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, FRAUD, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, DECEPTION 7/8/1997 5/15/2001 0100 Beck, Alan M. 1996 Semiotica, 109(3/4):357-360. Review of Aping Language by Joel Wallman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992). ANIMALS 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0101 Sheldon, Mark, et al. 1989 Hastings Center Report, pp. 16-18. Three commentaries on the use of Nazi data in contemporary medical research. One measured defense--based on conditions of the data's reliability, unavailability from other sources, contribution to the greater good, and publication with condemnation of the means of its initial collection--is twice countered in the name of researchers' moral integrity and refusal to legitimize the Nazis. RESEARCH DATA, HUMAN SUBJECTS, RESEARCH ETHICS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, PUBLISHING, DATA MANAGEMENT 9/1/1993 5/15/2001 0102 Berger, Robert L. 1990 New England Journal of Medicine, 322:1435-1440. Reviews Dachau experiments and argues against use of data based on critical shortcomings in scientific content and credibility. Also argues against furthering this ethical debate so as not to suggest that Nazi experimentation yielded results worthy of consideration and beneficial to humanity. RESEARCH DATA, HUMAN SUBJECTS, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/18/1995 7/25/2000 0103 Wheeler, D. L. 1991 The Chronicle of Higher Education, May 15, 1991:A5, A8. The Office of Scientific Integrity has been criticized for inefficiency, lethargy, leniency and poor organization. GOVERNMENT REGULATION 5/18/1995 5/15/2001 0104 Holden, C. 1987 Science, 235:1566-1567. Oulines charges of misconduct against Dr. Stephen Breuning, a psychologist accused on inventing raw data and publishing the results of non-existent experiments. The results were used in social policy making. FRAUD, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, PUBLISHING, PSYCHOLOGY, DECEPTION, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/19/1994 5/16/2001 0105 Buzzelli, Donald E. 1994 Centennial Review, 38:273-296. One of four essays in this issue on scientific integrity and the university. From the introduction to the issue (by Fred Gifford): [The author] addresses questions about the process of handling misconduct cases, this time from his point of view in a government agency. But his main focus is to address in detail a controversial question that is at least touched on in each of the other articles: the controversy over the definition of scientific misconduct. He gives an extended analysis of the various arguments against NSF's 'open-ended' definition, and attempts to show that the attack on the definition as open to abuse via arbitrary interpreation is a result of misunderstanding (p. 214). SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, POLICY, DEFINITION OF MISCONDUCT, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, ACADEMIC ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/16/2001 0106 1949 in Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Vol. 2, pp. 181-182. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Also, reprinted in Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research. Drafted in response to the atrocities committed in Nazi experimentation with human subjects. Sets forth the basic principles for ethical experimentation, including informed consent, social benefit that outweighs risk to subjects, avoidance of harm, necessity, qualified researchers and the subject's right to terminate the experiment at any point. HUMAN SUBJECTS, INFORMED CONSENT, RESEARCH ETHICS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, POLICY 5/17/1995 7/17/2000 0107 Audi, Robert. 1994 Academe, Sept-Oct.:27-36. Monograph articulates four central pedagogic paradigms in college teaching (didactic, apprentice, collegial and friendship) and identifies pertinent ethical principles for the faculty-student relationship in each. ACADEMIC ETHICS, TEACHING 10/4/1995 7/17/2000 0108 Braxton, John M., ed. 1994 Journal of the American Medical Association, 65(3):242-400. Special issue aimed at increasing knowledge and understanding of collective responsibility for the deterrence, detection and handling of misconduct by scientists, universities, academic journals, grant-giving agencies and legislatures. RESEARCH MISCONDUCT 9/1/1993 6/6/2001 0109 Jonas, Hans. 1969 Daedalus, 98(2):219-47. Considers the use of human subjects to be a balance of social needs vs. matters of individual sacrosanticity and personal dignity. Argues that consent to experimentation, regardless of the importance of the research, is insufficient because of the primacy of the individual and the personal sacrifice involved. Also argues that it is necessary to consider how proximate the subject's interests are to those of the interests of the researcher and whether the experiment relates to the subject's own disease. HUMAN SUBJECTS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, INFORMED CONSENT, RESEARCH ETHICS, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY, ETHICAL THEORY, ETHICS, SELECTION OF SUBJECTS, THERAPEUTIC OBLIGATIONS, DEATH 9/1/1993 5/16/2001 0110 Pardes, Herbert, et al. 1991 New England Journal of Medicine, 324(4):1640-1643. Warns of the dangers that animal-rights activists pose to medical research, discusses the tactics of activists, including frightening the public, using psychological warfare, violence, legal maneuvers, and the myth of alternatives, and urges physicians to inform their patients about the benefits and importance of experimentation with animals. ANIMALS 9/1/1993 5/16/2001 0111 Budiansky, Stephen. 1987 U.S. News and World Report, 103(July 13):58-59. Reviews the ethical issue arising from physician-researchers' zeal to enroll subjects in experimental drug tests that may not be in the subjects' best interests. HUMAN SUBJECTS, RESEARCH ETHICS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/18/2000 0112 Friedman, Paul J. Unpublished. Lecture/course outline addresses boundaries between research practice and unethical actions, sources of practical problems, and research training and supervision. Contact: School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, 92037. SYLLABUS, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/19/2000 0113 Hayden, Michael R. 1991 American Journal of Medical Genetics, 40:515-517. GENETIC TESTING, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/25/2000 0115 Wexler, Nancy. 1993 National Forum, 73:22-26. GENETIC TESTING, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/16/2001 0116 Dorozynski, Alexander. 1991 Science, 252 (April 19):369-370. Report on the ethical implications of a plan in a French village to notify potential carriers of a genetic defect that can lead to blindness. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, CONFIDENTIALITY, RESEARCH ETHICS, HUMAN SUBJECTS, GENETIC RESEARCH 9/1/1993 7/21/2000 0117 Milgram, Stanley. 1974 In Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View, pp. 193-202. New York: Harper and Row Publishing. Milgram defends the ethical legitimacy of his experiments that involved the deception of human subjects. HUMAN SUBJECTS, DECEPTION, RESEARCH ETHICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 10/6/1995 7/19/2000 0118 Heath, A.G. 1989 BioScience, 39:472-474. Outlines ethical issues involved in five states of research and its applications: initial ideas for research, gathering data, interpretation of results, publication and evaluation of research and dealing with peers. BIOLOGY, PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, RESEARCH ETHICS, DATA MANAGEMENT, PEER REVIEW, PUBLISHING 5/21/1996 7/17/2000 0119 Blair, Claudia, and Walter Schaffer. 1991 NIH Peer Review Notes, , June:4-6. POLICY, MISCONDUCT, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/16/2001 0120 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1990 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Part 46. Sets forth federal regulations for the protection of human subjects -- the institutional review board system. HUMAN SUBJECTS, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, IRB (INSTITIONAL REVIEW BOARD), RESEARCH ETHICS 5/18/1995 7/17/2000 0121 Chalk, Rosemary, and Patricia Woolf 1989 Issues in Science and Technology, 5(2):33. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT 5/18/1995 7/17/2000 0122 Broad, W. J. 1982 Science, 215:875-876. Suggests that Harvard University was cleared of wrong-doing in the Dr. John Darsee fraud case because of an inadequate investigation. Presents the investigating committee's recommendations for reducing the occurrence of research misconduct. CASE STUDIES, RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, RESEARCH ETHICS POLICIES 9/1/1993 7/17/2000 0123 Chubin, Daryl. 1985 Bioscience, 35:80-89. A useful reference article that draws distinctions between practice and malpractice at four stages in the scientific research process: production, reporting, disseminating, and evaluating ideas and information. Chubin reviews responses to malpractice and measures to control it within academic, governmental and public contexts. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, RESEARCH ETHICS, POLICY 10/4/1995 5/16/2001 0124 Burk, Dan L. 1995 George Mason Independent Law Review, 3(2):305-350. This essay examines how scientific misconduct is playing a pivotal role in defining the future state of science because it serves as a contact point between the institutions of science and those of the law. Specifically, due process procedures are driving social institutions of science away from their traditionally informal structure and toward a more rigid and formal structure reflecting that of legal institutions. RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, LAW 9/1/1993 5/16/2001 0125 Baumrind, Diana. 1985 American Psychologist, 40(2):165-74. Reviews ethical issues concerning intentional deception ten years after the publication of APA guidelines on research with human subjects, and concludes that the guidelines have not reduced intentional deception. Offers alternative research strategies for avoiding deception and for debriefing subjects. HUMAN SUBJECTS, DECEPTION, RESEARCH ETHICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, POLICY, THERAPEUTIC OBLIGATIONS 9/1/1993 7/21/2000 0126 Newman, Alan. 1989 American Scientist, 77:135-137. Reports on the rise of animal rights activism and its impact on researchers, including the development of alternatives to experimental use of animals. ANIMALS 9/1/1993 7/25/2000 0127 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 1989 Federal Register, 54(151):32446-32451. RESEARCH ETHICS POLICIES, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, GOVERNMENT FUNDING 9/1/1993 5/16/2001 0128 Shamoo, Adil E. 1992 Accountability in Research, 2:55-75. Investigates research that led to the 1985 Nobel Prize in biology as an illustration of the lacking objectivity among leading scientists in their citations of direct competitors research. Calls for renewing the scientific ethos of cooperation and unselfish acknowledgment of others' work in the face of competition for public recognition, prizes and commercial gain. CONFLICT OF INTEREST, PEER REVIEW, BIOLOGY, CASE STUDIES, PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, PUBLISHING, ACADEMIC ETHICS, PROFESSIONAL ETHICS 5/18/1995 7/17/2000 0129 Broad, W. J., and N. Wade. 1982 Psychology Today, Nov. 1982: 51-57. The author suggests that an ineffective three-tiered system of scientific self-correction is the source of increased fraud. The case of Marvin Spector illustrates the failure of replication, the third tier, in preventing scientific fraud. FRAUD, PEER REVIEW, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, RESEARCH ETHICS, CASE STUDIES 9/1/1993 7/17/2000 0130 Burd, Gail D. 1992 Unpublished. An 8-week course outline designed to meet NIH ethics instruction requirements for pre-and postdoctoral trainees on training grants. Topics include: ethical decision-making, scientists and their political environment, fraud, whistle blowing, plagiarism, grant writing, and women and minorities in science. Bibliography and discussion guidelines included. Contact: Department of Anatomy and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South Building, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721. SYLLABUS, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY, FRAUD, WHISTLEBLOWING, PLAGIARISM, WOMEN, GOVERNMENT REGULATION 5/18/1995 7/24/2000 0131 Smith, R. J. 1991 Science, 228:1292. A panel of academic officials and scientific journal editors agrees that incentives for prolific publishing reward unethical behavior. FRAUD, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, PUBLISHING 5/17/1995 5/17/2001 0132 Goodstein, David. 1991 The American Scholar, 60:505-515. Gives examples of scientific fraud and history of federal regulations on scientific misconduct. The author argues that there is a difference between true fraud and harmless minor hypocrisies. In fact, he doubts that scientific progress would occur if all scientists rigorously adhered to proper scientific procedure at all times. FRAUD, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, RESEARCH ETHICS, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT 9/1/1993 5/17/2001 0133 Smith, David H. 1978 Hastings Center Report, Vol. 8, No. 6(Dec.):30-34. Argues against the implicit correlation in Western culture between scientific knowledge and virtue, and against the absolute right of scholars to freedom of inquiry. Sketches ways that knowledge may be immoral in use, acquisition, or impact, and advocates self-disciplined hesitation in publication of scientific findings. FREEDOM OF INQUIRY, VIRTUE, PUBLISHING, RESEARCH ETHICS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, HUMAN SUBJECTS, ACADEMIC ETHICS, PUBLISHING 8/11/1994 7/21/2000 0134 Nigg, Herbert N., and Gabriela Radulescu. 1994 Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 272, No. 2(July 13):168-170. Claims that scientific misconduct easily occurs in environmental science and toxicology and briefly describes four cases. Concludes that scientific misconduct may occur undetected across phyla, genera, and species; that distance from the publishing source makes detection more difficult; that editors and reviewers are not organized to take action against scientific misconduct; that plagiarized authors are likely to report plagiarism; and that there is only a small risk of censure from any source for authors engaging in scientific misconduct. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, CASE STUDIES, PUBLISHING, PEER REVIEW, PLAGIARISM 5/21/1996 5/17/2001 0135 Alberts, Bruce, and Kenneth Shine. 1994 Science, 266:1660-1661. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, MISCONDUCT, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/21/1996 5/17/2001 0136 Rosenberg, Steven A. 1996 New England Journal of Medicine, 334: 92-394. SECRECY, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/19/1995 5/17/2001 0137 NOVA. 1994 Boston: NOVA Star of Science Television/WGBH. Reviewed in New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 331, No.15 (Oct. 13, 1994):1030-1031. Follows the first five years of a 13-year-old girl's life after being freed from a home prison where she had been held since age 2. Raises issues involving the interrelations between professionals' personal needs, patient care and the demands of science. VIDEO, CHILDREN, SOCIAL RESEARCH ETHICS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, CASE STUDIES, SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 5/18/1995 8/2/2001 0138 Keith-Spiegel, Patricia, et al. 1993 American Psychological Association Division Two (Teaching) Executive Committee. Reports results of survey completed by 65 undergraduate psychology majors who were asked to respond to a series of scenarios describing instances of research fraud. The survey was meant to assess the extent of students' sensitivity to misconduct in preparation for the development of a pamphlet to sensitize undergraduates to scientific values. CASE STUDIES, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, MISCONDUCT, FRAUD, RESEARCH ETHICS, RESEARCH ON ETHICS 5/21/1996 5/17/2001 0139 Fienberg, Stephen E., et al., eds. 1985 National Research Council, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics (Washington, DC: National Academy Press.) DATA MANAGEMENT, SECRECY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, FREEDOM OF INQUIRY, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/21/1996 5/17/2001 0140 Weil, Vivian, and Rachelle Hollander. 1990 IRB, 12:7-8. SECRECY, DATA MANAGEMENT, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, RESEARCH ETHICS 10/10/1995 7/17/2000 0141 Fienberg, Stephen E. 1994 Annual Review of Public Health, 15:1-18. Observes that the modern infrastructure of computer networking and the availability of cheap mass storage have removed many major barriers to data sharing. Article discusses the benefits and costs of data sharing and developments specific to data gathered and analyzed by health professionals and researchers. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, DATA MANAGEMENT, ETHICS AND TECHNOLOGY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 6/11/1996 5/18/2001 0142 Brush, Stephen G. 1974 Science, 183:1164-1172. Explores the possible dangers of using the history of science in science education because the writings of contemporary science historians do violence to the professional ideal and public image of scientists as rational, open-minded investigators, proceeding methodically, grounded incontrovertibly in the outcome of controlled experiments, and seeking objectively the truth, let the chips fall where they may (p. 1164). TEACHING, HISTORY 5/18/1995 7/19/2000 0143 Jensen, A. R. 1978 American Psychologist, 78:449-503. Argues that Cyril Burt's data anomalies are just human error. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, CASE STUDIES, DATA MANAGEMENT, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/24/2000 0144 Switzer, Robert L. Unpublished. Case studies with questions, appropriate for undergraduates, address conflicts of interest, fraud, authorship, sexual misconduct. Contact: Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801. CASE STUDIES, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, FRAUD, AUTHORSHIP, PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY 9/1/1993 7/19/2000 0145 Kevles, Daniel J. 1993 National Forum, 73:18-21. GENETIC RESEARCH, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 5/18/1995 7/24/2000 0146 Strikwerda, Robert A., and John Minor Ross. 1992 Collegiate Microcomputer, 10(3):129-136. Analyzes ethical issues involved in the illegal use of software and presents empirical evidence suggesting the nature and scope of the problem. COMPUTERS, ETHICS AND TECHNOLOGY 9/1/1993 7/21/2000 0147 Milgram, Stanley. 1965 Human Relations, 18:57-76. Describes the famous Milgram experiments, which involved the deception of human subjects in order to test their willingness to inflict pain on other human beings in obedience to authority. HUMAN SUBJECTS, CASE STUDIES, RESEARCH ETHICS, DECEPTION, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 5/18/1995 2/15/2001 0148 AAUP. 1990 Academe, Sept.-Oct. PUBLISHING, AUTHORSHIP 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0149 Sigma Xi. 1992 American Scientist, 80:73-76. Presents Sigma Xi's recognition of the value of animals and their responsible use in scientific research based on three considerations: the importance for advancing scientific knowledge; the contributions to medical research, and to the study of ecology and environmental problems; and the presence of comprehensive guidelines to ensure humane treatment of animal subjects. Observes a distinction between animal rights (denied) and animal welfare (affirmed). ANIMALS, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, POLICY 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0150 Herzog, Harold. 1992 American Scientist, 80 (Jan./Feb.):73-76. Following a request for commentary from all chapter and clubs of the Society, this statement reflects Sigma Xi's policy on the responsible use of animals in research, based on the assumption that well-conducted research with animals has provided, and continues to provide, information, ideas, and applications that can be obtained in no other way. Proposes limiting research using animals to that which is necessary, finding alternatives where feasible, and ensuring that animals do not suffer unnecessarily. ANIMALS, POLICY 5/18/1995 5/18/2001 0151 McDonald, C. S., and K. A. Peterson. 1988 Teaching of Psychology, 18:100-101. Criticism of Cronan-Hillix's (1988, Teaching students the importance of accuracy in research, Teaching of Psychology, 15, (205-207) policy of giving failing grades for research papers with even one error. TEACHING ETHICS, RESEARCH ETHICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, TEACHING 5/21/1996 5/18/2001 0152 Sachs, Greg A., and Mark Siegler. 1993 Academic Medicine, 68:871-875. ETHICS INSTRUCTION, SCIENCE RESEARCH, TEACHING 9/19/1994 5/18/2001 0153 Gifford, Fred. 1994 Centennial Review, 38:297-314. One of four essays in this issue on scientific integrity and the university. From the introduction to the issue (by Fred Gifford): [The author] addresses the concern about misconduct in research from another angle: an attempt to institute preventive measures via a pilot project in the education of scientists. He presents the first module in a program of scientific research ethics -- a case study concerning dilemmas over being less than truthful about the presentation of data, and a set of discussion questions -- to be used in small discussion groups of graduate students and postdoctorate fellows in the sciences. Reflection on the role of such an educational module in the science curriculum poses questions both about pedagogy and about whether or not such instruction concerning ethical problems can (and ought to) be viewed as internal to the scientific community. This last raises in a different way the issue of the socal contract between science and society. RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, TRUTHTELLING, RESEARCH ETHICS, CASE STUDIES, DECEPTION, TEACHING ETHICS, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY, TEACHING 5/18/1995 5/18/2001 0154 Cronan-Hillix, T. 1988 Teaching of Psychology, 15:205-207. The author assigns failing grades to students whose results sections in research papers include even one error in order to drive home the point that attention to detail is critical. Students may correct and resubmit, but resubmitted papers are penalized one letter grade. ETHICS INSTRUCTION, SCIENCE RESEARCH, TEACHING 5/18/1995 5/18/2001 0155 Cronan-Hillix, T. 1991 Teaching of Psychology, 18:101-102. Citing personal experience with their effective use, the author defends reward and punishment as tools for teaching students to pay attention to details in their research. ETHICS INSTRUCTION, SCIENCE RESEARCH, TEACHING 5/21/1996 7/24/2000 0156 Price, Alan R. 1994 Journal of Information Ethics, 3:54-63. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, PUBLISHING, PLAGIARISM, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/21/1996 7/14/2000 0157 1995 London: Horizon/BBC. Available from British Broadcasting Company, P.O. Box 7, London, W3 6XJ, England. VIDEO 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0158 Donnelley, Strachan, et al. 1994 Special Supplement, Hastings Center Report, Vol. 24, No.1 (January-February). A sequel to the earlier Animals, Science, and Ethics addressing three aspects of animal biotechnology: definitions of transgenic organisms and their applications in areas of health, commerce, and scientific research; ethical challenges to animal biotechnology and the contextual moral ecology of animal use in the wild, in scientific labs, in the marketplace, and on farms; and policies and regulations for the use of transgenic animals. ANIMALS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, POLICY 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0159 Cohen, Carl. 1986 New England Journal of Medicine, 315(14):865-869. Argues that animals have no rights and that speciesism is an inadequate rationale for prohibiting the use of animals in research. Concludes that alternatives should be utilized where possible but that animal research cannot be eliminated; the use of animals in research should be increased rather than decreased to avoid using humans as subjects; and that the perspectives of opponents to animal experimentation is seldom consistent. ANIMALS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 10/9/1995 7/24/2000 0161 Pfeifer, M.P., and G.L. Snodgrass. 1990 Journal of the American Medical Association, 263:1420-1423. A study comparing the number of citations for retracted articles vs. unquestioned articles. FRAUD, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, PEER REVIEW, PUBLISHING, RESEARCH DATA 5/17/1995 8/2/2001 0162 Shapiro, David W., et al. 1994 Journal of the American Medical Association, 271(6):438-442. Concludes, on the basis of survey results, that the core purposes of scientific authorship--to confer credit and denote responsibility for research--are not adequately met by current authorship practices. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, RESEARCH ETHICS, PUBLISHING, AUTHORSHIP, RESEARCH ON ETHICS 9/19/1994 5/18/2001 0163 Guston, David H. 1994 Centennial Review, 38:215-248. One of four essays in this issue on scientific integrity and the university. From the introduction to the issue (by Fred Gifford): [The author] places a careful accounting of recent events concerning scientific misconduct in a broad framework of science policy, political philosophy, and the social studies of science. He argues that the 'social contract for science, ' the view that 'the federal government provides funds for basic research in academia and agrees not to interfere with scientific decision-making, ' is an idea that the present crisis concerning scientific misconduct is causing to be fundamentally rethought (p. 213). SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, GOVERNMENT FUNDING, POLICY 9/1/1993 7/17/2000 0164 DeGrazia, David. 1991 The Journal of Clinical Ethics, 2(4):219-228. GENETIC TESTING, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0165 Rosner, Fred, et. al. 1991 New York State Journal of Medicine, 91(2): 34-139. Reviews three areas of research that have sparked the debate about using Nazi data; an EPE phosgene study, hypothermia research and use of Nazi victims' skeleton in anatomy classes. Indicates that at bioethics conferences consensus has not emerged, although authors claim Berger's (1990) discrediting of the data on scientific grounds should definitively end the debate. Points to the loopholes in ethical review of research reported in manuscripts submitted to medical journals. RESEARCH DATA, HUMAN SUBJECTS, RESEARCH ETHICS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0166 Mazur, Alan. 1989 in Project on Scientific Fraud and Misconduct: Report on Workshop Number Two, AAAS-ABA Nat, Conf. of Lawyers and Scientists. Washington, D.C.: AAAS. Summarizes eight highly-publicized cases of research fraud in the U.S. in the 1970's and '80's, suggesting the slowness and inadequacy of university investigations. RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, FRAUD, RESEARCH ETHICS, CASE STUDIES 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0167 Lifton, Robert Jay. 1988 in The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. New York: Basic Books. Discusses the biographies of doctors Carl Clauberg and Horst Schumann and their sterilization and castration experiments at Auschwitz in relationship to the broader Nazi biomedical vision. HUMAN SUBJECTS, RESEARCH ETHICS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, EUGENEICS, HISTORY 9/19/1994 7/13/2000 0168 Wright, David E. 1994 Centennial Review, 38:249-272. One of four essays in this issue on scientific integrity and the university. From the introduction to the issue (by Fred Gifford): [The author] examines the process by which misconduct cases are investigated, from the perspective of those in a university administration. He fits the developments in policy concerning allegations of misconduct into a general model that applies as well to other instances of the federal regulation of scientific research. Amongst the many points put into relief from this perspective is that, while a certain sort of case initiates the process by which regulations are first created, a quite different sort of case becomes the prominent one to which these regulations end up being applied, requiring reinterpretation in the process (p. 213). MISCONDUCT, POLICY, GOVERNMENT REGULATION 10/19/1995 7/24/2000 0169 Sanders, Michael. 1995 Journal of the American Medical Association, 274 (9): 68-769. A plea for systematic ethics instruction as part of medical training, including an ethics question on the board and the establishment of ethics departments in medical schools. ETHICS INSTRUCTION, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 5/21/1996 7/17/2000 0170 Bebeau, Muriel J., and Stephen J. Thoma. 1994 Journal of Dental Education, 58:684-692. ETHICS INSTRUCTION 5/17/1995 7/18/2000 0171 Garfield, E., and A. Welljams-Doroff. 1990 Journal of the American Medical Association, 263:1424-1426. Concludes that suspicion and/or official judgments of scientific misconduct or fraud are followed by decreases in citations. FRAUD, PUBLISHING, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, CASE STUDIES 9/1/1993 7/19/2000 0172 Herzog, Harold. 1988 American Psychologist, 43(6):473-474. This short but poignant article develops a typology of mice to demonstrate how the same animals given different roles and labels in different settings receive different moral consideration, suggesting that the labels animals receive influence their moral status and treatment. ANIMALS 9/1/1993 7/24/2000 0173 Sholiton, Faye. 1989 Hadassah Magazine, Aug./Sept.:14-15. Discusses viewpoints on both sides of the international debate among scientists, doctors, and ethicists over the ethics of reusing human subject research data collected by the Nazis. RESEARCH DATA, HUMAN SUBJECTS, INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0174 Brobeck, Sonja. 1990 Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 5(Winter):194-200. Briefly summarizes the development of regulations establishing standards for the treatment of human subjects in research. Argues for improved standards in such areas as researcher qualifications, specification of the characteristics of the particular group to be studied, improved methods of data collection and maintenance of the subject's privacy and anonymity of subjects. HUMAN SUBJECTS, RESEARCH ETHICS POLICIES, PUBLISHING, DATA MANAGEMENT, CONFIDENTIALITY 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0175 Dworkin, Roger. 1986 In BIOLAW: A Legal and Ethical Reporter on Medicine, Health Care and Bioengineering, pp. 89-112. New York: University Publications of America. Provides an overview of the legal and ethical issues involved in genetic screening, including physician's obligations in genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and conveying information to the patient and others; state sponsored and mandatory employer screening; and genetic engineering and gene therapy. GENETIC SCREENING, GENETIC COUNSELING, EUGENICS, HUMAN GENE THERAPY, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/17/2000 0176 Croll, Roger. 1984 Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 27:401-407. Exposes inaccuracies in the assumption that all authors listed on a research article have contributed to the underlying research, discusses problems with current practices, and proposes changes that would require authors to have made significant contributions to the research and make them responsible for all aspects of the article. AUTHORSHIP, RESEARCH ETHICS 5/21/1996 7/18/2000 0177 Fishbach, Ruth L., and Diane C. Gilbert. 1995 Science and Engineering Ethics, 1:389-402. MISCONDUCT, POLICY 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0178 Macklin, Ruth. 1982 in Ethical Issues in Social Science Research, edited by Tom Beauchamp, Ruth Faden, R. Jay Wallace, and LeRoy Walters, pp. 193-214. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Supports the application of federal regulations for the protection of human subjects to the social sciences as well as the medical sciences, arguing that the dangers of harm to human subjects and need for informed consent make the principles underlying such regulations, including respect for persons and a utilitarian weighing of social benefits against personal costs, equally applicable. Concludes that outright deception, withholding information relevant to the subject's decision to participate and disguised participant-observation are unethical. HUMAN SUBJECTS, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, INFORMED CONSENT, DECEPTION, TRUTHTELLING, SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, SOCIAL RESEARCH ETHICS, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/13/2000 0179 Wiggins, Sandi, et al. 1992 New England Journal of Medicine, 327(20):1402-1405. GENETIC TESTING, PSYCHOLOGY 8/11/1994 7/25/2000 0180 Whitely, William P., et al. 1994 Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 272, No. 2(July 13):170-173. Compares citations made to articles by an author known to have published fraudulent articles (Slutsky) to citations made to a set of control articles. Concludes that when alerted to the presence of fraudulent results in the literature, the scientific community responds by reducing the number of citations of the tainted articles. In the Slutsky case, general news articles and three reviews . . . were most effective and retractions were least effective in purging fraudulent results from the literature. PEER REVIEW, FRAUD, PUBLISHING, RESEARCH ETHICS, CASE STUDIES 8/1/1994 7/24/2000 0181 Rennie, Drummond, and Annette Flanagin. 1994 Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 272, No. 2 (July 13):91. Introduction to a special issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association on peer review. Issue includes 26 papers. PEER REVIEW 5/18/1995 7/18/2000 0182 Flanagan, M. F., and B. Robinson. 1978 American Psychologist, 33:775-776. Empirical support for Dunnette's (1966, American Psychologist, 21, 343-352) assertion that psychologists often fail to report significant pieces of information in their research articles. The author discusses implications for replication and validity assessment, and presents recommendations to correct secrecy. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, SECRECY, RESEARCH ETHICS POLICIES, PEER REVIEW, PUBLISHING 9/1/1993 7/24/2000 0183 Singer, Peter. 1990 Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13(1):9-12. Argues that animals suffer, that their suffering is of moral consequence, and that there is no characteristic that makes humans universally more significant morally than animals. Concludes that speciesism -- the preferential treatment of humans over animals -- is not justified, and that we should instead consider the suffering of animals as on a moral par with our own. ANIMALS 9/1/1993 7/19/2000 0184 Grady, Denise. 1987 Discover, 8:26-35. Excellent general discussion of testing and notification for Huntington Disease, raising ethical issues of confidentiality and the right to know test results. GENETIC TESTING, CONFIDENTIALITY, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/21/2000 0185 Miller, Neal. 1985 American Psychologist. 40(4):423-440. Refutes the position of some animal rights activists that animal experimentation has been valueless by discussing the many varied contributions that animal experimentation has made to medicine and health, including benefits to animals, protection of people and crops, behavior therapy and medicine, stress and pain therapy, and learning and memory deficits. ANIMALS, BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 1/31/1996 5/18/2001 0186 Janis, Allen I. 1994 in Scientific Failure, ed. Tamara Horowitz and Allen I. Janis, pp. 13-17. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Since at least some scientific misconduct arises from researchers who fudge data to get the right answer, having students read this essay might lessen their temptation to fabricate data. The whole book underscores the important point that failure is part and parcel of the scientific enterprise, and apparent failure has often led to important scientific breakthroughs. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT, TEACHING ETHICS, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, RESEARCH ETHICS 9/1/1993 7/21/2000 0187 Office of Research Integrity (Research Integrity Branch, Office of the General Counsel). 1993 Office of Research Integrity, Suite 700, 5515 Security Lane, Rockville, MD 20852. Discusses the Public Health Service's scientific misconduct regulation to protect whistleblowers who allege misconduct, in good faith. Specifically discusses principles of public and common interest, as well as self-interest on the part of the whistleblower. Also covers implications of abusing the privilege to report allegations. WHISTLEBLOWING, GOVERNMENT REGULATION 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0188 O'Brien, Margaret, and Carol Levine. 1980 Hastings Center Report, Special Supplement:1-31. Includes excerpts from two conferences on genetic determinants, violent behavior, and the ethics of research and research review, stemming from controversial research exploring whether men with an extra Y chromosome are more prone to violent behavior. Raises issues of researcher responsibility to subjects (especially regarding informed consent), to their families, and to society, as well as concerns about sloppy research and media responsibilities regarding reporting of controversial research. GENETIC RESEARCH, CRIME, INFORMED CONSENT, RESEARCH ETHICS, BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY 5/17/1995 5/18/2001 0189 Carson, Ronald A. 1994 Journal of Clinical Ethics, 5(4):347-348. The author recommends presenting cases as narrated accounts to spur moral imagination. Comments on article by Kuczeweski et al. on pp. 310-315 of same issue. CASE STUDIES, ETHICS INSTRUCTION, TEACHING ETHICS 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0190 Wingfield, Arthur. Unpublished. Case studies and discussion questions concerning use of human subjects in medical and psychological research are based on actual incidents publicized in the newspapers in past years. Contact: Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, P.O. Box 9110, Waltham, MA 02254. CASE STUDIES, HUMAN SUBJECTS, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, RESEARCH ETHICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0191 Singer, Peter. 1975 In Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals, pp. 27-91. New York: Avon Books. Argues for the abolition of animal research. Uses the principle of equal consideration of interests -- that all sentient beings have the same stake in their own existence -- to argue that giving primacy to the interests of one species over another on any basis other than its capacity to suffer is illegitimate. ANIMALS, ETHICS 10/19/1995 5/18/2001 0192 Fisch, Linc, and Carol L. Spence. VHS videocassette produced by the University of Kentucky Offices of Media Design and Production and Instructional Telecommunications. May be ordered for $75 from Michelle Moss, Media Design and Production, University of Kentucky, 170 Taylor Education Bui Presents case scenarios involving ethical issues in teaching. Comes with a discussion guide. Not available for rental. CASE STUDIES, TEACHING, ACADEMIC ETHICS, VIDEO 5/21/1996 5/18/2001 0193 Bird, Stephanie J., and David E. Housman. 1995 Science and Engineering Ethics 1: 371-382. DATA MANAGEMENT, TRUST, RESEARCH DATA 9/1/1993 5/18/2001 0194 Barber, Bernard. 1987 Minerva 25 (Spring/Summer):123-134. Discusses the role of trust -- in both the senses of trustfuln